The Damage Caused by Gel Nails: What Every Nail Lover Needs to Know

Gel nails have become a go-to choice for many people seeking long-lasting, chip-free manicures. These nails offer a glossy finish, and their durability makes them incredibly popular. However, while gel nails can make your hands look beautiful, they can also lead to serious damage if not applied, maintained, and removed properly. As dermatologists, it’s our job to help you understand the risks gel nails pose to your skin and nails, and how you can minimize the potential for damage.

What Are Gel Nails?

Gel nails are a type of manicure that involves the application of a special gel polish that is then cured under a UV or LED light. Unlike regular nail polish, gel polish hardens when exposed to UV or LED light, creating a long-lasting, shiny finish. While gel nails can last up to two or three weeks without chipping, the process of applying and removing them can cause damage to both the nails and the surrounding skin if done incorrectly.

The Risks and Damage Caused by Gel Nails

While gel manicures are undoubtedly convenient, there are several risks associated with their regular use. Here’s a breakdown of the potential damage gel nails can cause:

1. Nail Weakening and Thinning

One of the most common issues with gel nails is that they can cause the natural nails to become weaker and thinner over time. This happens when the gel polish is repeatedly applied and removed, often resulting in the nail layers becoming brittle and more prone to breaking.

• How it Happens: The removal process often involves scraping or filing the gel polish off, which can damage the nail’s surface. Additionally, the constant exposure to UV light used during the curing process can dry out the natural nail, leading to further weakening.
• The Result: After extended use, the nails may become thin, weak, and even more prone to cracking or splitting.

2. Nail Fungus and Infections

When gel nails are applied improperly or left on for too long, moisture can become trapped between the gel and the natural nail. This creates an environment that is ideal for bacteria and fungi to grow, potentially leading to infections or nail fungus.

• How it Happens: If gel nails are removed improperly, or if the nails are left on for too long, they can lift slightly at the edges, allowing bacteria or moisture to get trapped underneath.
• The Result: Fungal or bacterial infections can cause discoloration, thickening, and distortion of the nail.

3. UV Light Exposure and Skin Damage

While the UV or LED lights used to cure gel nails are considered safe in small doses, prolonged or frequent exposure can increase your risk of skin damage over time, including premature aging of the skin and an increased risk of skin cancer.

• How it Happens: UV light used in gel nail lamps can cause the skin on your hands to age prematurely by promoting the breakdown of collagen and increasing the risk of sunspots and wrinkles. Repeated exposure, especially without sunscreen, can add up over time.
• The Result: Over years of frequent gel manicures, the cumulative damage from UV exposure may contribute to premature signs of aging on your hands and even raise the risk of developing skin cancer.

4. Allergic Reactions

Some individuals are allergic to the ingredients found in gel nail products, particularly the chemicals used in the gel formula and the adhesive. Common allergens include formaldehyde, toluene, and other harsh chemicals used to bond the gel to the natural nail.

• How it Happens: Prolonged or repeated exposure to these chemicals can lead to allergic reactions, including redness, itching, swelling, or blistering around the nail bed or cuticles.
• The Result: An allergic reaction may lead to irritation, inflammation, or even permanent damage to the nail bed in severe cases.

5. Cuticle and Skin Damage

Gel manicures often involve pushing back the cuticles or even trimming them to create a cleaner look. While this is generally safe when done properly, improper techniques or harsh treatments can damage the delicate skin around your nails.

• How it Happens: Aggressive pushing or cutting of the cuticles can lead to irritation or infection. In addition, if gel nails are applied too close to the cuticle, it can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions.
• The Result: You may experience redness, swelling, or infection, and in some cases, damage to the surrounding skin can lead to scarring or long-term nail bed issues.

How to Minimize the Damage Caused by Gel Nails

While the risks of gel nails are real, there are several ways you can minimize the damage and continue to enjoy beautiful nails without harming your skin or nails.

1. Give Your Nails a Break

One of the most effective ways to avoid damage from gel nails is to give your nails some time to recover between manicures. Dermatologists recommend taking breaks of at least 1-2 weeks between gel applications to allow your natural nails to breathe and regain strength.

2. Proper Removal

Never peel or scrape off your gel polish, as this can damage your nails. The best way to remove gel nails is by soaking them in acetone or visiting a professional who can remove the gel safely. Always be gentle with your nails during the removal process.

3. Use UV Protection

Protect your skin from UV damage during the curing process by applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen to your hands before starting your manicure. This helps shield your skin from the harmful effects of UV rays, which can lead to premature aging and skin cancer.

4. Hydrate Your Nails and Cuticles

After removing your gel nails, make sure to moisturize your nails and cuticles. Use a nourishing cuticle oil and a hand cream with a focus on hydration to help strengthen and repair your nails. Hydrated nails are less likely to crack or become brittle.

5. Choose a Professional Salon

If you opt for gel nails, it’s best to have them applied and removed by a licensed nail technician at a reputable salon. Professional technicians are trained to apply gel nails safely and are less likely to cause damage than DIY methods.

6. Look for “Healthier” Gel Options

Some gel nail brands offer “5-free” or “7-free” formulas, which are free from the harshest chemicals like formaldehyde, toluene, and DBP (dibutyl phthalate). Choosing these options can help reduce your exposure to potentially harmful ingredients.

When to See a Dermatologist

If you notice persistent pain, redness, swelling, or signs of infection around your nails or cuticles after getting a gel manicure, it’s important to see a dermatologist. We can help identify any skin or nail issues caused by gel nails and offer treatments to restore your skin and nails to health. In the case of fungal or bacterial infections, early intervention is key to preventing further damage.

Gel nails can certainly give you a flawless, long-lasting manicure, but they come with some risks. By being mindful of how they’re applied, how often they’re used, and how you take care of your nails afterward, you can help protect your nails and surrounding skin from damage. If you ever have concerns about your nails or experience any signs of infection or irritation, don’t hesitate to seek professional care from a dermatologist.

Taking steps to protect your skin and nails today can help ensure your hands stay healthy and beautiful for years to come.